Angle-Based Parametrization with Evolutionary Optimization for OESCL-Band Y-Junction Splitters

The design of passive photonic devices based on geometry optimization can lead to energy-efficient, small-footprint, and fabrication-ready geometries. In this work, we propose an angle-based parametrization method optimize Y-junction splitters multimode interferometers. selected figure merit was the transmittance in SCL OESCL optical fiber communication bands. performances three methods were compared: (i) particle swarm (PSO), (ii) genetic algorithm (GA), (iii) covariance matrix adaptation-evolution strategy (CMA-ES). results show that CMA-ES produces similar (≤1.5% difference) PSO first 40 generations. are identical (1460–1625 nm) (1260–1625 bands, whereas GA executions slightly different terms rate similarity merit.